Let's talk about a topic that's often overlooked yet crucial for golf course superintendents: surviving the summer. It's a challenging season, and I've seen many superintendents struggle with turf loss, so I want to share some insights and strategies to navigate these tough times.
The Summer Challenge
Summer weather can be brutal, and it's a make-or-break period for turf health. The key is to be proactive and prepared, as turf loss can be devastating. I've experienced that helpless feeling, and it's a reminder of the importance of planning.
Fundamentals for Success
A solid foundation is essential. This includes a robust agronomic program, up-to-date infrastructure, and a favorable growing environment. One often-overlooked aspect is dedicated maintenance time. Golf courses should prioritize this, even if it means adjusting schedules and having serious discussions with stakeholders.
Irrigation and drainage are critical. An outdated irrigation system can lead to turf loss, so investing in an updated system is worth the cost. Similarly, effective drainage infrastructure is vital to remove excess water, especially during heavy rainfall.
Managing Tree Cover and Airflow
Areas with limited sunlight and airflow are more susceptible to turf health issues. Golf courses should have tree management plans, as removing trees can improve turf health and playability. Fans can also enhance air movement, benefiting putting greens in enclosed environments.
Treating Vulnerable Areas Differently
Some parts of the course will struggle more during tough weather. It's crucial to recognize and adapt your agronomic program for these areas. This might mean less frequent rolling, higher mowing heights, or using different rollers to minimize mechanical stress.
Adjusting Application Schedules
When weather conditions are unfavorable, adjusting the timing of plant protectant applications is key. High temperatures and humidity increase disease pressure, so shorter intervals between fungicide applications are necessary. Excessive rainfall also requires adjustments, and applying protectants ahead of schedule can prevent outbreaks.
Nitrogen and PGR Applications
Nitrogen applications must be carefully managed during hot summers. High temperatures stimulate microbial activity, releasing more nitrogen from organic matter. Continuing nitrogen applications can lead to excessive growth and health issues. Reducing or suspending nitrogen applications during hot weather is a proven strategy.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are also affected by temperature. Using a GDD calculator and monitoring clipping volume can help determine when PGR applications are needed to maintain consistent growth.
Mowing Strategies
Heavy summer rains can limit access, so adjusting the mowing program is essential. Mowing before or after rain events, when the course is dry enough, is recommended. In prolonged hot and dry conditions, reducing mowing frequency is necessary to avoid mechanical stress on dormant turf.
Fairway and putting green edges, and collars, are prone to turf issues during stress. Using mowers with solid rollers and higher heights can help protect these areas. Autonomous mowers can also be beneficial, as their light footprint reduces stress on the turf.
The Power of Data
Data collection provides an objective evaluation of playing surfaces and the impact of maintenance adjustments. Measuring clipping volume and using the USGA GS3 ball to quantify putting green performance metrics are valuable tools.
Moisture meters and ET-based irrigation scheduling help guide irrigation decisions. Data adds objectivity to water management, especially during tough weather. It also aids in communicating with golfers and stakeholders, helping them understand the reasons behind maintenance decisions.
Conclusion
Summer is a challenging season, but with a strong agronomic foundation and adaptive daily management, golf courses can thrive. It's about being prepared, making informed decisions, and effectively communicating with golfers and stakeholders. While every summer has its struggles, a well-prepared superintendent can keep the grass healthy and the golfers happy.
